发电机组是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的成套机械设备，由动力系统、控制系统、消音系统、减震系统、排气系统组成，由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其他动力机械驱驱动，将水流、气流、燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机，再由发电机转换为电能，输出到用电设备上使用。发电机在工农业生产、国防、科技及日常生活中有广泛的用途。近年来随着技术进步，作为家庭应急电源及野外出行电源的优质选择，轻量便携小型发电机组也开始进入居民的日常生活中。
但对于发电机组来说，在使用过程中产生故障时很正常的，只要保持日常的维护就可以保持机器的长久使用，但是对于一些重大的故障究竟应该如何去避免呢，本文今天就围绕这些话题为大家详细的介绍一下：
粘缸的前兆
粘缸一般在柴油机严重缺水的情况下发生，粘缸前发动机运转无力，水温表指示超过100℃，往机体上滴几滴冷水，有“嘶嘶”的响声，并冒白烟，水滴很快蒸发。这时应让发动机低速运转或怠速运转来降低车温，若立即熄火，会导致活塞与气缸套发生粘缸。
烧瓦的前兆
柴油机工作中转速突然降低，负荷加重，发动机冒黑烟，机油压力下降，曲轴箱内发出“唧唧”的干磨擦声，这是烧瓦的前兆。遇到这种情况应立即停机，否则会进一步加重轴瓦的磨损，轴颈表面抓粘迅速扩展，轴瓦与轴颈很快就会粘结抱死，发动机熄火。
气门落缸的前兆
气门落入气缸，一般是由于气门杆折断、气门弹簧折断、气门弹簧座开裂，气门锁夹脱落等原因引起的。当缸盖部位发出“当当”敲击声(活塞碰气门)，“嚓嚓”磨擦声(活塞碰气门)或伴有其它不正常响声，发动机工作不稳时，往往是气门落缸的前兆，这时应立即停车熄火，否则将会打坏活塞、缸盖和缸套，甚至顶弯连杆，打破机体，折断曲轴。
捣缸的前兆
捣缸属破坏性较大的机械故障，除气门落缸引起捣缸外，大多是由于连杆螺栓松退引起的。连杆螺栓松退或拉伸后，连杆轴承配合间隙增大，这时在曲轴箱部位可听到“嗒嗒”的敲击声，敲击声由小变大，最后连杆螺栓完全脱落或折断，连杆及轴承盖甩出，打破机体及有关零件。
断轴的前兆
当柴油机曲轴轴颈轴肩处因疲劳产生隐性裂纹时，故障征兆尚不明显，随着裂纹的扩大加重，发动机曲轴箱内发出沉闷的敲击声，转速变化时敲击声加重，发动机冒黑烟，不久，敲击声逐渐增大，发动机产生抖动，曲轴断裂，随即烯火。因此，当发动机曲轴箱内出现异常声响时，应立即停机检查。
“飞车”的前兆
“飞车”前，柴油机一般都会出现冒蓝烟、烧机油或转速不稳现象。开始时柴油机的转速不受油门的控制，迅速上升，直到超过额定转速，发动机冒出大量黑烟或蓝烟。此时若不迅速采取断油、断气、减压等措施制止，发动机转速还会继续升高，并发出狂吼声，排气管浓烟弥漫，转速失去控制，就会造成捣缸等重大事故的发生。
A generator set is a complete set of mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It consists of a power system, a control system, a noise reduction system, a shock absorption system, and an exhaust system. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery to convert the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to the generator. The generator then converts it into electrical energy and outputs it to electrical equipment for use. Generators have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, lightweight and portable small generator sets have also begun to enter residents' daily lives as high-quality choices for household emergency power and outdoor travel power.
But for generator sets, it is normal to experience malfunctions during use. As long as daily maintenance is maintained, the machine can be used for a long time. However, how to avoid some major malfunctions? Today, this article will introduce in detail about these topics:
The precursor of sticking cylinder
Cylinder sticking usually occurs in diesel engines with severe water shortage. Before sticking, the engine runs weakly and the water temperature gauge indicates over 100 ℃. A few drops of cold water are dripped onto the engine body, making a "hissing" sound and emitting white smoke. The water droplets quickly evaporate. At this time, the engine should be run at low speed or idle to reduce the vehicle temperature. If it is turned off immediately, it will cause the piston and cylinder liner to stick to the cylinder.
The precursor of tile burning
During the operation of a diesel engine, the speed suddenly decreases, the load increases, the engine emits black smoke, the oil pressure drops, and a dry friction sound of "chirping" is emitted from the crankcase, which is a precursor to tile burning. In this situation, the machine should be stopped immediately, otherwise it will further aggravate the wear of the bearing shell, and the surface of the journal will quickly expand due to adhesion. The bearing shell and journal will quickly bond and lock, and the engine will shut down.
The precursor of valve falling off the cylinder
The valve falling into the cylinder is generally caused by reasons such as valve stem breakage, valve spring breakage, valve spring seat cracking, and valve lock clip detachment. When the cylinder head makes a "dang dang" knocking sound (piston touching valve), a "cha cha" friction sound (piston touching valve), or other abnormal sounds accompanied by unstable engine operation, it is often a precursor to the valve falling off the cylinder. At this time, the engine should be stopped and turned off immediately, otherwise it will damage the piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner, and even bend the connecting rod, break the engine body, and break the crankshaft.
The precursor of pounding the cylinder
Tamping the cylinder is a highly destructive mechanical failure, which is mostly caused by the loosening of connecting rod bolts, in addition to valve falling causing cylinder tampering. After the connecting rod bolts loosen or stretch, the clearance between the connecting rod bearings increases. At this time, a "clacking" sound can be heard at the crankcase, which increases from small to large. Finally, the connecting rod bolts completely fall off or break, and the connecting rod and bearing cover are thrown out, breaking the machine body and related parts.
The precursor of a broken axis
When hidden cracks appear at the crankshaft neck shoulder of a diesel engine due to fatigue, the symptoms of the fault are not yet obvious. As the cracks expand and worsen, a dull knocking sound is emitted from the engine crankcase. When the speed changes, the knocking sound intensifies, and the engine emits black smoke. Soon, the knocking sound gradually increases, causing the engine to shake and the crankshaft to break, followed by ignition. Therefore, when there is abnormal noise in the engine crankcase, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection.
The premonition of 'flying car'
Before the "flying car", diesel engines usually emit blue smoke, burn engine oil, or have unstable engine speed. At the beginning, the speed of the diesel engine is not controlled by the throttle and rapidly increases until it exceeds the rated speed, causing the engine to emit a large amount of black or blue smoke. If measures such as cutting off oil, gas, and pressure are not taken quickly at this time to stop it, the engine speed will continue to rise and make a roar, the exhaust pipe will be filled with thick smoke, and the speed will be out of control, which will cause major accidents such as cylinder ramming
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