发电机组是将其他形式的能源转换成电能的成套机械设备，由动力系统、控制系统、消音系统、减震系统、排气系统组成，由水轮机、汽轮机、柴油机或其他动力机械驱驱动，将水流、气流、燃料燃烧或原子核裂变产生的能量转化为机械能传给发电机，再由发电机转换为电能，输出到用电设备上使用。发电机在工农业生产、国防、科技及日常生活中有广泛的用途。近年来随着技术进步，作为家庭应急电源及野外出行电源的优质选择，轻量便携小型发电机组也开始进入居民的日常生活中。
柴油发电机组是由柴油机和同步交流发电机组合而成的。柴油机允许使用的最大功率受零件的机械负载和热负载的限制，因此需规定允许连续运转的最大功率称之为标定功率;柴油发电机不能超过标定功率使用，否则会缩短其使用寿命，甚至可能造成事故。
柴油机的标定功率；国家标准规定，在柴油机铭牌上的标定功率分为以下四类：
1)15min功率：即柴油机允许运行15min的最大功率。短时间内可能超负荷运行和要求具有加速性能的标定功率，如汽车、摩托车等柴油机的标定功率。
2)1h功率：即柴油机允许持续运行1h的最大有效功率。如轮式拖拉机、机车、船舶等柴油机的标定功率。
3)12h功率：即柴油机允许持续运转12h的最大有效功率，即我们常说的额定功率。如电站机组、工程机械用柴油机标定功率。
4)持续功率：即柴油机允许长时间持续运行的最大有功率。功率单位KW于KVA的关系：kw是功率的单位，一般1KVA=0.8KW，购买时不要把kva和kw混淆。
A generator set is a complete set of mechanical equipment that converts other forms of energy into electrical energy. It consists of a power system, a control system, a noise reduction system, a shock absorption system, and an exhaust system. It is driven by water turbines, steam turbines, diesel engines, or other power machinery to convert the energy generated by water flow, air flow, fuel combustion, or nuclear fission into mechanical energy and transmit it to the generator. The generator then converts it into electrical energy and outputs it to electrical equipment for use. Generators have a wide range of applications in industrial and agricultural production, national defense, technology, and daily life. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, lightweight and portable small generator sets have also begun to enter residents' daily lives as high-quality choices for household emergency power and outdoor travel power.
A diesel generator set is composed of a diesel engine and a synchronous AC generator. The maximum power allowed for diesel engines is limited by the mechanical and thermal loads of the components, so it is necessary to specify the maximum power allowed for continuous operation, which is called the rated power; Diesel generators should not be used beyond their rated power, otherwise their service life may be shortened and accidents may even occur.
Calibration power of diesel engine; According to national standards, the calibrated power on the nameplate of a diesel engine is divided into the following four categories:
1) 15 minute power: refers to the maximum power allowed for the diesel engine to operate for 15 minutes. In a short period of time, there may be overload operation and calibration power that requires acceleration performance, such as the calibration power of diesel engines for automobiles, motorcycles, etc.
2) 1-hour power: refers to the maximum effective power that the diesel engine is allowed to operate continuously for 1 hour. Calibration power of diesel engines such as wheeled tractors, locomotives, and ships.
3) 12h power: refers to the maximum effective power that the diesel engine is allowed to operate continuously for 12 hours, which is commonly known as the rated power. Calibration power of diesel engines for power plant units and construction machinery.
4) Continuous power: refers to the maximum power that a diesel engine is allowed to operate continuously for a long time. The relationship between power unit KW and KVA: KW is the unit of power, generally 1KVA=0.8KW. When purchasing, do not confuse KVA with KW.
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