同步发电机输出电压的调控 Regulation of output voltage of synchronous generator

发电机的形式很多，但其工作原理都基于电磁感应定律和电磁力定律。因此，其构造的一般原则是：用适当的导磁和导电材料构成互相进行电磁感应的磁路和电路，以产生电磁功率，达到能量转换的目的。

发电机的分类：

直流发电机、交流发电机、同步发电机、异步发电机(很少采用)；交流发电机还可分为单相发电机与三相发电机。

  调控的目的就是实现在同步发电机额定负荷范围内稳住输出电压。调控技术的理念是实时地从主发电机电枢取得电压和电流经整流和负反馈调理后供给励磁机的定子线圈使其产生变化规律与主发电机输出电压变化规律相反的直流电磁场这个磁场也必然使励磁机转子电枢的输出电压及旋转整流器供给主发电机转子线圈的直流电流按同样的规律而变化。从而起到实时调节主发电机转子磁场大小使主发电机在额定负荷范围内保持良好输出特性的作用。

  对发电机输出电压的调节过程可以用以下的流程表示:

  由于负荷增加使主发电机电枢电压↓(降)→经负反馈调理后励磁机定子电流及磁场t→励磁机转子电枢输出电压+→旋转整流器输出电流t一主发电机转子磁场t→使主发电机电枢电压，若主发电机电压升高则其反馈调控使以上各环节作用降低导致电压回到额定值。通过励磁机实时调控主发电机转子磁场的大小就可以稳住输出电压。这其中起重要作用的是负反馈调节单元通常称其为恒压励磁装置和自动电压调节器。

There are many forms of generators, but their working principles are based on the laws of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force. Therefore, the general principle of its construction is to use appropriate magnetic and conductive materials to form magnetic circuits and circuits that induce each other electromagnetically, in order to generate electromagnetic power and achieve energy conversion.

Classification of generators:

DC generator, AC generator, synchronous generator, asynchronous generator (rarely used); AC generators can also be divided into single-phase generators and three-phase generators.

The purpose of regulation is to achieve stable output voltage within the rated load range of synchronous generators. The concept of regulation technology is to obtain real-time voltage and current from the armature of the main generator, rectify and regulate them through negative feedback, and supply them to the stator coils of the exciter to generate a DC electromagnetic field with a change pattern opposite to the output voltage of the main generator. This magnetic field will inevitably cause the output voltage of the exciter rotor armature and the DC current supplied by the rotating rectifier to the rotor coils of the main generator to change according to the same pattern. Thus, it plays a role in real-time adjusting the magnetic field size of the main generator rotor to maintain good output characteristics of the main generator within the rated load range.

The process of regulating the output voltage of the generator can be represented by the following flow:

Due to the increase in load, the armature voltage of the main generator decreases. After negative feedback regulation, the stator current and magnetic field t of the exciter are adjusted. The output voltage of the exciter rotor armature increases, and the output current t of the rotating rectifier increases. The magnetic field t of the main generator rotor increases, and the armature voltage of the main generator increases. If the voltage of the main generator increases, its feedback regulation reduces the effects of the above links, causing the voltage to return to the rated value. The output voltage can be stabilized by real-time control of the magnetic field of the main generator rotor through the exciter. The negative feedback regulation unit, commonly referred to as a constant voltage excitation device and an automatic voltage regulator, plays an important role in this.