同步发电机的维护 Maintenance of synchronous generators

同步发电机是柴油发电机组的关键部分。为柴油发电机组建立一个合适的工作环境，做好日常维护是十分必要的。

发电机房内的高温、潮湿和空气污染物是引起发电机故障的最常见因素。粉尘、灰尘和其它空气污染物的积累会引起绝缘层的性能变坏，不仅易形成对地的导电通路,还会使转子轴承部分的摩擦力增大而发热。湿气以及空气污染物中的湿气极易在发电机内形成对地的漏电通路，引起发电机故障。机房内温度过高会使发电机组工作时产生的热量难以散出造成其输出功率下降、机组过热。所以机房的防尘、防潮湿、通风降温就必须引起足够的重视。

无论是单轴承发电机还是双轴承发电机，它们的转子轴与柴油发动机主轴之间连接的同轴度要求很高。长时期运行后的机组有时同轴度可能降低，导致发电机燥声增大，温度过高。应定期检查、维护以保持同轴度良好。

负荷超出发电机的额定负载范围，或三相负荷很不平衡，也会造成发电机效率降低和过热。

Synchronous generator is a key component of diesel generator sets. It is essential to establish a suitable working environment and perform daily maintenance for diesel generator sets.

The high temperature, humidity, and air pollutants in the generator room are the most common factors causing generator failures. The accumulation of dust, dirt, and other air pollutants can cause the performance of the insulation layer to deteriorate, not only forming a conductive path to the ground, but also increasing the frictional force of the rotor bearing and generating heat. Moisture and air pollutants can easily form a leakage path to ground inside the generator, causing generator failure. Excessive temperature in the computer room can make it difficult for the heat generated during the operation of the generator set to dissipate, resulting in a decrease in output power and overheating of the unit. So the dust prevention, moisture prevention, ventilation and cooling of the computer room must be given sufficient attention.

Both single bearing and double bearing generators require high coaxiality between their rotor shafts and the main shaft of the diesel engine. After long-term operation, the coaxiality of the unit may sometimes decrease, resulting in increased generator noise and high temperature. Regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out to maintain good coaxiality.

The load exceeding the rated load range of the generator, or the three-phase load being very unbalanced, can also cause a decrease in generator efficiency and overheating.